In May 1896, the coronation ceremony of the Russian Czar Nicholas Ii, the Qing Government to send Chief of Hubei is in Europe visit the King of the spring to congratulate. However, Russia has ulterior motives, with "King of spring words have little weight, less than when this responsibility. Who wins, lihongzhanglizhongtang ear alone ", and asked Li Hongzhang to named. So, hurry "United Russia" the Qing Government sent Li Hongzhang had to "Minister of Imperial Commissioner the first mission to" to Russia congratulated.
So, what the Russians are to be named asked Li Hongzhang on behalf of the Qing dynasty Government to participate in the coronation ceremony of Tsar Nicholas Ii? Russia has always coveted China's northeast area at the time, especially the Siberian railway shortly after the start, Russian Finance Minister Alexander Witt argued that large railway lines should be directly through northeastern China to Vladivostok, which not only can greatly reduce the time of railway construction, will save a lot of funds for railway construction, but also in the creation of the Siberian railway also built crossing and South Railway extended to Dalian in Northeast China. Russian Government officials agreed that the place and to assist the Government of Russia in this matter, only Li Hongzhang a person in the Qing government.
Li Hongzhang after arrival in Russia, Russian Finance Minister Alexander Witt first had repeatedly commune with Li Hongzhang. Weite pretense of a wily old Fox said to Li Hongzhang, in Sino-Japanese war, Russia intends to deploy forces early help from China, but because there are no railways in Northeast China, slow, until when Russian reinforcements arrive in Jilin, Sino-Japanese war had come to a close. Therefore it is necessary to construct a railroad in Northeast China once China, as well as help in time of the Russian side, and so on.
When Li Hongzhang to Czar Nicholas Ii when present credentials, Nicholas Ii personally persuaded Li Hongzhang: Siberian railway "Eastern Province road, real deploy forces for the future sunshine, something in China, will also help sth Britain and Japan there is no guarantee that no longer trouble in the future, Russia can contribute to assistance. "Due to the Sino-Russian Alliance negotiations, is to" defense "and" help China "guise, may be committed to the interests of such countries as Britain and Japan, Sino-Russian negotiations are always conducted in secret. During the negotiations, Russia by the Qing government eager to use with the Russian Association of psychology, the "take more road" as a prerequisite for achieving Alliance. To force Li Hongzhang's contract, constant pressure of the Russian side, take the threat of blackmail, and even threatened to interrupt negotiations. Later prepared by the Russian side simply unilateral presentation of the Li-Lobanov Treaty and Li Hongzhang. At the same time, Russia had offered him a bribe Li Hongzhang's despicable tricks are also used directly to lure Li Hongzhang into submission.
According to the Chairman of Bank of China-Russia road win Ukhtomski memoir strategic victory on the Qing State records, "of the Li-Lobanov Treaty signed the next day, Romanov and Ukhtomski, Director of the Office of the General Office of the Ministry in a personal payment to Li Hong-Zhang Luo Qitai book signing of the agreement. The Protocol provides, first 1 million rubles in the Qing dynasty emperor commanded after the construction of yunzhun Eastern Qing Railway pay, second 1 million rubles in a railway contract after determining railway routes and delivery, third 1 million rubles is to wait until the Eastern Qing Railway Engineering only after the completion of all payments. The secret protocols and get to Li Hongzhang's own, but as a top secret document by the Russian Ministry of finance custody. "
According to the compilation of the Tsarist Russia the Ministry archives records, lihongzhangyi accept Tsarist Russia a total of 1.7025 million ruble bribe, Li Hongzhang sent people to extract payment record of the date of the deposit and withdrawal. On June 3, 1896, under the Tsarist Russia coax and lure, Li Hong-Zhang and the Russian Foreign Affairs Minister Robert Nove, signed in Moscow the secret Chancellor Alexander Witt the enemy out of the mutual assistance treaty, that of the Li-Lobanov Treaty.
Historical materials about the huge ruble bribe Li Hongzhang accepted the Tsar of Russia, it may be. Because it was all coming from Tsarist Russia single records, without supporting one side, can also be deemed to be a Russian party controlled tricks of Li Hongzhang a taunt or conspiracy. So, today it can give thought that Li Hongzhang nothing out of this, but by the hand of Li Hongzhang signed the surrender a country's sovereign rights under humiliating terms of the Li-Lobanov Treaty, it is also a historical fact that nobody can deny that.
In the Russia secret agreement under full about total six section, content is: Japan as invaded Russian Far East or China and North Korea land, in the Russia between should to all sea, and army mutual assistance; non-between discuss, States parties party shall not separate and enemy peace; war Shi, China all port are quasi Russian warship drove into; for makes Russian easy transport forces, China allowed Yu Heilongjiang, and Jilin local received made railway, to up Vladivostok, the thing referred to the China Russia road WINS Bank contractors Manager; regardless of wartime or usually, Russian are can by the road transport army quartermaster products; this about since railway contract approved day up. Valid for 15 years.
According to the Li-Lobanov Treaty article fourth, Chinese Ambassador to the Russian Minister Xu Jingcheng Road between China and Russia and China to win Bank representatives signed the Statute of the Sino-Russian joint railway company in Eastern province. Contract provides for the establishment of China railway company, Eastern Province, its articles of association according to the Russian railway company established practice for processing. At this point, the Russians do not charge a gun and a bomb, received privileges of the Siberian railway through the territory of China through to Vladivostok, actually turned Northeast China jumped into the Russian sphere of influence.
In the Russia secret agreement under although in name Shang is solution in the Russia between of military alliance problem, but in actually, is is Tsarist Russia Empire on Qing Government of once fool and cheat, Russian accordingly get it wants to get of all things, and Qing Government is is nothing, just to previously Japan attempts to in South full alone enjoy of interest, replaced has Russian in North full alone enjoy interest only.
When Li Hongzhang's go to play the presentation of the Li-Lobanov Treaty to the Guangxu Emperor, purpose, and power to force when the Qing Government to sign, face "qianmenjulang, and houmenjinhu" the predicament of the reign of the Emperor so angry that: "is the ancestral land of the faxiang, and sold with the Russian people" and is therefore uphold refused to sign. Minister to Russia to China, Kerala Flumazenil see trick for a while will not succeed, directly to the kindly Queen Mother threatened "if refused to ratify this Treaty, we should flag to return home under the". Kindly her for fear of diplomatic ties between China and Russia, on this great panic, so Guangxu Emperor to her Majesty of accountability. Guangxu Emperor in desperation "shed tears approval" of the Li-Lobanov Treaty.
The Li-Lobanov Treaty is Russia a slave treaties imposed on China, the Qing government secret first unequal treaty signed with various powers. Tsarist Russia to in the Russia secret agreement under for excuse in China Northeast wantonly built railway, years within not only built has from Manchuria in by Qiqihar, and Harbin, and Mudanjiang direct Vladivostok, TRANS-black, and Kat second province, up to more than 1700 more km of railway route East Qing Railway, also built has North up Harbin, and in the by Changchun, and Shenyang until Luda of extension HA large railway, to formation a section up to more than 2,800 more km, aspect in Northeast China of "d" glyphs large railway, became in China territory Shang seize WINS railway most long of imperialism national.
What is more, Russia also wantonly distorted the Li-Lobanov Treaty and the Statute of the Sino-Russian joint railway company in Eastern Province, considers necessary for the railway has an absolute right to management and even the police and judiciary, forming what is known as the special "railway subsidiary" system, the area along the railway into a disguised "leased" heavy historic disasters to the people of the Northeast. The Qing Government for betraying the interests of national sovereignty as a means, paranoia takes win Russia's support and assistance to resist Japan's aggression in order to achieve the purpose of dying, not only failed to achieve the effect of resisting aggression, instead led to more looting of the crazy imperialism on China, the lessons of history is worth people thinking.
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